Renal
Indications
Chronic renal failure
Hepatic disease, excluding cholestasis and copper storage disease
Ammonium urate, calcium oxalate and cystine urolithiasis
Characteristics
| Characteristic | Level | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Low available phosphorus. | 0.3%, 0.17 g/MJ. | Diminishing progression loss of nephrons. |
| Low protein. | 14.5%, 8.4 g/MJ. | Reduction of urea synthesis; lowering ammonium in urine; low intake of purines and cystine. |
| Low sodium. | 0.1%, 0.06 g/MJ. | Counteracting hypertension. |
| Low calcium. | 0.5%, 0.29 g/MJ. | Lowering calcium in urine. |
| Enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid. | 0.29%, 0.17 g/MJ. | Enhanced synthesis of vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. |
| High vitamin E. | 600 mg/kg, 35 mg/MJ. | Decreasing oxidative stress. |
| Mildly increased base excess. | 105 mmol/kg dry matter. | Prevention of acidosis; lowering calcium in urine; inhibition production of ammonium urate and cystine crystals in urine. |
| Added beet pulp. | 8%. | Reduction of urea synthesis by incorporation of ammonia into bacterial protein in caecum and colon. |